Tag Archives: Paris (prince)

Helen 2:75

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Je m’en-fuy du combat, ma bataille est desfaite :
J’ay perdu contre Amour la force et la raison :
Ja dix lustres passez, et ja mon poil grison
M’appellent au logis, et sonnent la retraite.
 
Si comme je voulois ta gloire n’est parfaite,
N’en blasme point l’esprit, mais blasme la saison :
Je ne suis ny Pâris, ny desloyal Jason :
J’obeis à la loy que la Nature a faite.
 
Entre l’aigre et le doux, l’esperance et la peur,
Amour dedans ma forge a poly cest ouvrage.
Je ne me plains du mal, du temps ny du labeur,
 
Je me plains de moymesme et de ton faux courage.
Tu t’en repentiras, si tu as un bon cœur,
Mais le tard repentir n’amande le dommage.
 
 
 
                                                                            I flee from the fight, my battle is lost:
                                                                            I have lost, fighting Love, both strength and reason;
                                                                            Fifty years now gone, and now my grey hairs,
                                                                            All call me to rest, and sound the retreat.
 
                                                                            If your glory is not perfected as I wished,
                                                                            Don’t blame my spirit for it, but blame the season:
                                                                            I am neither Paris, nor disloyal Jason;
                                                                            I obey the law which Nature has made.
 
                                                                            Between sour and sweet, hope and fear,
                                                                            Love within my forge has polished this work.
                                                                            I do not complain of trouble, time and labour,
 
                                                                            I complain of myself and of your false courage.
                                                                            You will repent it, if you have a good heart,
                                                                            But late repenting does not mend the loss.
 
 
 
 
And so, the last sonnet to Helen: a mixture of reproach of her, reproach of self, and (inevitably) a claim that in the end it is Helen’s loss… Ronsard is not Paris (failing the original Helen) nor Jason (abandoning Medea) – he has put in the time and trouble, it is Helen who is abandoning him. ‘You will repent it’: I wonder if she did?
 
Of course not! The literary character Hélène might have done so, losing a lover. But the real Hélène had no reason to complain: she has been the centre of attention in two books of France’s finest sonnets; even if portrayed as distant and ungrateful she has been portrayed also as chaste and inaccessible, beautiful and virtuous; and, far from late repenting at the loss of the affair, she has got everything she needed from it – the poems, the fame, the immortality. In fact.as we saw elsewhere, her only complaint was that too many of the poems were recycled from earlier collections!
 
Blanchemain offers a small change in line 1: “Je m’en-fuy du combat, mon armée est desfaite” (‘I flee from the fight, my army is lost’).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Helen 2:67

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Il ne faut s’esbahir, disoient ces bons vieillars
Dessus le mur Troyen, voyans passer Helene,
Si pour telle beauté nous souffrons tant de peine,
Nostre mal ne vaut pas un seul de ses regars.
 
Toutefois il vaut mieux pour n’irriter point Mars,
La rendre à son espoux afin qu’il la r’emmeine,
Que voir de tant de sang nostre campagne pleine,
Nostre havre gaigné, l’assaut à nos rampars.
 
Peres il ne falloit, à qui la force tremble,
Par un mauvais conseil les jeunes retarder :
Mais et jeunes et vieux vous deviez tous ensemble
 
Pour elle corps et biens et ville hazarder.
Menelas fut bien sage, et Pâris ce me semble :
L’un de la demander, l’autre de la garder.
 
 
 
 
                                                                            “We should not be astonished,” said those fine old men
                                                                            On the walls of Troy, seeing Helen pass,
                                                                            “If for such beauty we are suffering troubles:
                                                                            Our ills are not worth a single one of her glances.
 
                                                                            Even so, it would be better – so as not to upset Mars –
                                                                            To return her to her husband so that he can take her away,
                                                                            Rather than see our countryside filled with so much blood,
                                                                            Our harbour won, the assault at our very ramparts.”
 
                                                                            Fathers, you whose strength trembles and fails should not
                                                                            Hold back the young with your bad counsel:
                                                                            Instead you should, both young and old together,
 
                                                                            Risk for her your bodies, your goods, your town.
                                                                            Menelaus was very wise, Paris too seems so to me:
                                                                            The one to demand her back, the other to keep her.
 
 
 
We’re right back in the Homeric world here: nothing about Ronsard’s Helen, this is all about her famous antecedent. A reminder: Troy was besieged by the Greeks, who came supporting Menelaus’s claim to Helen, as her husband; Paris, prince of that city, has no claim to her other than that he is the one with whom she had fled to Troy.
 
Richelet’s commentary identifies the section of the Iliad Ronsard is thinking of: “This sonnet is based on these verses from Iliad 3 [lines 156ff]: Οὐ νέμεσις Τρῷας καὶ ἐυκνημιδας Αχαιοὺς …” I have borrowed the following translation from poetryintranslation.com:
 
There Priam sat with the city Elders, Panthous, Thymoetes, Lampus, Clytius, Hicetaon, scion of Ares, and the wise men Antenor and Ucalegon. Too old to fight, they were nevertheless fine speakers, perched on the wall like cicadas on a tree that pour out sound. Seeing Helen ascend the ramparts, they spoke soft winged words to each other: ‘Small wonder that Trojans and bronze-greaved Greeks have suffered for such a woman, she is so like an immortal goddess …”
 
Ronsard has his tongue in his cheek a bit at the end: the old men who could see both sides of every question and thus offered no useful advice at all, and who here decide that both suitors are ‘very wise’, are a bit of a classical stock-in-trade: despite the grand opening, and the clear conclusion of lines 7-8 (which is where the discussion in Homer ends), by the end it is clearly their un-Homeric indecision that comes through.
 
I almost didn’t comment on his use of the word ‘fathers’: it’s so common in the classics to hear the old referred to and honoured as ‘fathers’ (compare the Senate in Rome who were often so called), that I almost overlooked the fact that it is relatively unusual in Ronsard.
 
One question: why would Mars (Ares), god of war, be upset if the Trojans did not return Helen? Helen is (loosely) his sister – they share Zeus/Jupiter as father – so maybe the suggestion is that he is concerned for her honour as a married lady who has run away from her husband. Yet, in Homer, Ares fights on the Trojans’ side; so this doesn’t make a lot of sense. If he was driven by this sort of concern, he’d not have supported the Trojans in the war… So, for me, this is a Ronsardian loose end: an allusion I cannot tie in with his awareness of his classical sources. Ideas welcome…
 
—–
 
I was just reading Gilbert Gadoffre and came across this note on Ronsard’s use of mythology, which I think is worth sharing here:
 
Myths in Ronsard are not decorative but functional. References to mythology, to mysteries, to the cosmos, to prophecy, to demons, to music united with poetry, to love sacred linked with love profane, are inseparable from a mental universe in which poetry, considered as a means of understanding, is integral to a certain kind of interior life, a certain kind of wisdom.
 
I think this is an important point I haven’t emphasised above: the Homeric theme does not make this poem unconnected to, or irrelevant to, the modern Helen or to the France of Ronsard’s day; in the world of Ronsard, Homeric themes are as real and relevant as ‘modern’ ones, and representative of the unchanging realities of human life. In fact, I think we would be wrong to think of Ronsard approaching Homer as myth: in an extension of Gadoffre’s point, essentially in Ronsard ‘myth’ is simply a substitute for today’s reality, another way of seeing life (life writ large, perhaps, in primary colours).
 
I suppose it is in some ways like the way we use the events of films, of soap operas, of Harry Potter, as sharper, clearer examples of the conflicts and uncertainties we deal with daily. No-one thinks any of them are in the final analysis real, but they provide enough of reality to be shared examples we can all refer to to explain or colour our own commentary on life experiences.
 
—–   
 
A final note of Ronsard trivia: why do so few poems begin with the letter ‘I’ ?!
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Helen 2:45

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Celle, de qui l’amour veinquit la fantasie,
Que Jupiter conceut sous un Cygne emprunté :
Ceste sœur des Jumeaux, qui fist par sa beauté
Opposer toute Europe aux forces de l’Asie,
 
Disoit à son mirouër, quand elle vit saisie
Sa face de vieillesse et de hideuseté,
Que mes premiers Maris insensez ont esté
De s’armer pour jouyr d’une chair si moisie !
 
Dieux, vous estes cruels, jaloux de nostre temps !
Des Dames sans retour s’en-vole le printemps :
Aux serpens tous les ans vous ostez la vieillesse.
 
Ainsi disoit Helene en remirant son teint.
Cest exemple est pour vous: cueillez vostre jeunesse.
Quand on perd son Avril, en Octobre on s’en plaint.
 
 
 
                                                                            She, love for whom overcame [even] imagination,
                                                                            Whom Jupiter conceived, borrowing the form of a swan;
                                                                            That sister of the Twins, who with her beauty made
                                                                            All of Europe oppose the forces of Asia,
 
                                                                            Said to her mirror, when she saw her face
                                                                            Seized by old age and hideousness,
                                                                            “How senseless were my earlier husbands
                                                                            To arm themselves to enjoy a flesh so mouldy!
 
                                                                            Gods, you are cruel, jealous of this time of ours!
                                                                            From women the spring flies without returning,
                                                                            But from snakes every year you remove old age.”
 
                                                                            Thus spoke Helen gazing upon her complexion.
                                                                            This example is for you: enjoy your youth.
                                                                            When we lose our April, we fret over it in October.
 
 
 
Another fairly self-explanatory poem. Ronsard imagines Helen of Troy in old age, despairing of her failing looks, ridiculing the men – Menelaus and Paris – who went to war over her, and railing at the gods for taking away her good looks.
 
Richelet, commenting on Ronsard’s text, says of the opening, “he means Helen of the Greeks who captured even those who through hearing her spoken of had conceived some imagination or fantasy of her beauty”.
 
Helen was the daughter of Leda and Jupiter, who came to her as a swan (as in, Leda and the Swan); she was sister of Castor & Pollux, the Gemini. For her ‘Europe’ (the Greeks) and ‘Asia’ (the Trojans) went to war – both sides brought in their allies, of course, though Ronsard well knew that calling the war one between ‘all’ Europe and Asia was an exaggeration …
 
In line 11, snakes of course recover their youth by shedding their old skin.
 
Blanchemain offers a variant of lines 9-10:
 
 
Dieux, vous estes jaloux et pleins de cruauté !
Des dames sans retour s’en-vole la beauté.
 
                                                                            Gods, you are jealous and full of cruelty!
                                                                            From women beauty flies without returning.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Amours book 2 – Elégie à son livre

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Although it’s been months since my last post, I find myself still in book 2 of the Amours! This is really the very last poem from book 2 I’ll be posting, though: the lengthy Elegy which Ronsard prefixed to the book as he sent it out into the world.

Mon fils, si tu sçavois ce qu’on dira de toy,
Tu ne voudrois jamais desloger de chez moy,
Enclos en mon estude : et ne voudrois te faire
Salir ny fueilleter aux mains du populaire.
Quand tu seras parti, sans jamais retourner,
Estranger loin de moy te faudra sejourner :
« Car ainsi que le vent sans retourner s’envole,
« Sans espoir de retour s’eschappe la parole.
 
Or tu es ma parole, à qui de nuict et jour
J’ay conté les propos que me contoit Amour,
Pour les mettre en ces vers qu’en lumiere tu portes,
Crochetant maugré moy de ma chambre les portes,
Pauvret! qui ne sçais pas que nos citoyens sont
Plus subtils par le nez que le Rhinoceront.
 
Donc avant que tenter la mer et le naufrage,
Voy du port la tempeste, et demeure au rivage.
« Tard est le repentir de tost s’estre embarqué.
 
Tu seras tous les jours des médisans moqué
D’yeux, et de hausse-becs, et d’un branler de teste.
« Sage est celuy qui croit à qui bien l’amoneste.
 
Tu sçais (mon cher enfant) que je ne te voudrois
Tromper, contre nature impudent je faudrois,
Et serois un Serpent de farouche nature
Si je voulois trahir ma propre geniture :
Car tout tel que tu es, n’agueres je te fis,
Et je ne t’aime moins qu’un pere aime son fils.
 
Quoy? tu veux donc partir : et tant plus je te cuide
Retenir au logis, plus tu hausses la bride.
Va donc puis qu’il te plaist, mais je te suppliray
De respondre à chacun ce que je te diray,
Afin que toy (mon fils) tu gardes en l’absence
De moy le pere tien, l’honneur et l’innocence.
 
Si quelque dame honneste et gentille de cœur
(Qui aura l’inconstance et le change en horreur)
Me vient, en te lisant, d’un gros sourcil reprendre
Dequoy je ne devois oublier ma Cassandre,
Qui la premiere au cœur le trait d’amour me mist,
Et que le bon Petrarque un tel peché ne fist,
Qui fut trente et un an amoureux de sa dame,
Sans qu’une autre jamais luy peust eschauffer l’ame :
Respons-luy je te pri’, que Petrarque sur moy
N’avoit authorité pour me donner sa loy,
Ny à ceux qui viendroyent apres luy, pour les faire
Si long temps amoureux sans leur lien desfaire.
 
Luy-mesme ne fut tel : car à voir son escrit
Il estoit esveillé d’un trop gentil esprit
Pour estre sot trente ans, abusant sa jeunesse
Et sa Muse au giron d’une vieille maistresse :
Ou bien il jouyssoit de sa Laurette, ou bien
Il estoit un grand fat d’aimer sans avoir rien.
Ce que je ne puis croire, aussi n’est-il croyable :
Non, il en jouyssoit : puis la fist admirable,
« Chaste, divine, saincte : aussi l’amoureux doit
« Celebrer la beauté dont plaisir il reçoit :
« Car celuy qui la blasme apres la jouissance
« N’est homme, mais d’un Tygre il a prins sa naissance.
Quand quelque jeune fille est au commencement
Cruelle, dure, fiere à son premier amant,
Constant il faut attendre : il peut estre qu’une heure
Viendra sans y penser, qui la rendra meilleure.
Mais quand elle devient voire de jour en jour
Plus dure et plus rebelle, et plus rude en amour,
On s’en doit esloigner, sans se rompre la teste
De vouloir adoucir une si sotte beste.
Je suis de tel advis : me blasme de ceci,
M’estime qui voudra, je le conseille ainsi.
 
Les femmes bien souvent sont cause que nous sommes
Volages et legers, amadoüans les hommes
D’un espoir enchanteur, les tenant quelquefois
Par une douce ruse, un an, ou deux, ou trois,
Dans les liens d’Amour sans aucune allegeance :
Ce-pendant un valet en aura joüissance,
Ou bien quelque badin emportera ce bien
Que le fidele amy à bon droit cuidoit sien.
Et si ne laisseront, je parle des rusées
Qui ont au train d’amour leurs jeunesses usées,
(C’est bien le plus grand mal qu’un homme puisse avoir
Que servir une femme accorte à decevoir)
D’enjoindre des travaux qui sont insupportables,
Des services cruels, des tâches miserables :
Car sans avoir esgard à la simple amitié
De leurs pauvres servans, cruelles n’ont pitié,
Non plus qu’un fier Corsaire en arrogance braves,
N’a pitié des captifs aux environs esclaves.
Il faut vendre son bien, il faut faire presens
De chaisnes, de carquans, de diamans luisans :
Il faut donner la Perle, et l’habit magnifique,
Il faut entretenir la table et la musique,
Il faut prendre querelle, il faut les suporter.
Certes j’aimerois mieux dessus le dos porter
La hotte, pour curer les estables d’Augée,
Que me voir serviteur d’une Dame rusée.
« La mer est bien à craindre, aussi est bien le feu,
« Et le Ciel quand il est de tonnerres esmeu,
« Mais trop plus est à craindre une femme clergesse,
« Sçavante en l’art d’amour, quand elle est tromperesse :
« Par mille inventions mille maux elle fait,
« Et d’autant qu’elle est femme, et d’autant qu’elle sçait.
Quiconque fut le Dieu qui la mit en lumiere
Il fut premier autheur d’une grande misere.
 
Il falloit par presens consacrez aux autels
Acheter nos enfans des grands Dieux immortels,
Et non user sa vie avec ce mal aimable,
Les femmes, passion de l’homme miserable,
Miserable et chetif d’autant qu’il est vassal,
Durant le temps qu’il vit, d’un si fier animal.
Mais je vous pri’, voyez comment par fines ruses
Elles sçavent trouver mille feintes excuses,
Apres qu’ell’ ont failly ! voyez Helene apres
Qu’Ilion fut bruslé de la flamme des Grecs,
Comme elle amadoüa d’une douce blandice
Son badin de mary, qui luy remit son vice,
Et qui plus que devant de ses yeux fut épris,
Qui scintilloient encor les amours de Pâris.
Que dirons-nous d’Ulysse ? encores qu’une trope
De jeunes poursuyvans aimassent Penelope,
Devorans tout son bien, si est-ce qu’il brusloit
D’embrasser son espouse, et jamais ne vouloit
Devenir immortel avec Circe la belle,
Pour ne revoir jamais Penelope, laquelle
Pleurant luy rescrivoit de son fascheux sejour,
Pendant qu’en son absence elle faisoit l’amour :
Si bien que le Dieu Pan de ses jeux print naissance,
(D’elle et de ses muguets la commune semence)
Envoyant tout expres, pour sa commodité,
Le fils chercher le père en Sparte la cité.
« Voilà comment la femme avec ses ruses donte
« L’homme, de qui l’esprit toute beste surmonte.
 
Quand on peut par hazard heureusement choisir
Quelque belle maistresse, et l’avoir à plaisir,
Soit de haut ou bas lieu, pourveu qu’elle soit fille
Humble, courtoise, honneste, amoureuse et gentille,
Sans fard, sans tromperie, et qui sans mauvaitié
Garde de tout son cœur une simple amitié,
Aimant trop mieux cent fois à la mort estre mise,
Que de rompre sa foy quand elle l’a promise :
Il la faut honorer tant qu’on sera vivant,
Comme un rare joyau qu’on treuve peu souvent.
« Celuy certainement merite sur la teste
« Le feu le plus ardent d’une horrible tempeste,
« Qui trompe une pucelle et mesmement alors
« Qu’elle se donne à nous, et de cœur et de cors.
 
N’est-ce pas un grand bien quand on fait un voyage,
De rencontrer quelcun qui d’un pareil courage
Veut nous acompagner, et comme nous passer
Les torrens, les rochers, fascheux à traverser ?
Aussi n’est-ce un grand bien de trouver une amie,
Qui nous aide à passer cette chetive vie,
Qui sans estre fardée ou pleine de rigueur,
Traite fidellement de son amy le cueur ?
 
Dy leur, si de fortune une belle Cassandre
Vers moy se fust monstrée un peu courtoise et tendre,
Et pleine de pitié eust cherché à guarir
Le mal dont ses beaux yeux dix ans m’ont fait mourir,
Non seulement du corps, mais sans plus d’une œillade
Eust voulu soulager mon pauvre cœur malade,
Je ne l’eusse laissée, et m’en soit à tesmoin
Ce jeune enfant ailé qui des amours a soin.
 
Mais voiant que tousjours elle marchoit plus fiere,
Je desliay du tout mon amitié premiere,
Pour en aimer une autre en ce païs d’Anjou,
Où maintenant Amour me detient sous le jou :
Laquelle tout soudain je quitteray, si elle
M’est comme fut Cassandre, orgueilleuse et rebelle,
Pour en chercher une autre, à fin de voir un jour
De pareille amitié recompenser m’amour,
Sentant l’affection d’une autre dans moymesme :
« Car un homme est bien sot d’aimer si on ne l’aime.
 
Or’ si quelqu’un apres me vient blasmer, dequoy
Je ne suis plus si grave en mes vers que j’estoy
A mon commencement, quand l’humeur Pindarique
Enfloit empoulément ma bouche magnifique :
Dy luy que les amours ne se souspirent pas
D’un vers hautement grave, ains d’un beau stille bas,
Populaire et plaisant, ainsi qu’a fait Tibulle,
L’ingenieux Ovide, et le docte Catulle.
Le fils de Venus hait ces ostentations :
Il suffist qu’on luy chante au vray ses passions
Sans enflure ny fard, d’un mignard et doux stile,
Coulant d’un petit bruit, comme une eau qui distile.
Ceux qui font autrement, ils font un mauvais tour
A la simple Venus, et à son fils Amour.
 
S’il advient quelque jour que d’une voix hardie
J’anime l’eschafaut par une tragedie
Sentencieuse et grave, alors je feray voir
Combien peuvent les nerfs de mon petit sçavoir.
Et si quelque furie en mes vers je rencontre,
Hardi j’opposeray mes Muses alencontre :
Et feray resonner d’un haut et grave son
(Pour avoir part au bouc) la tragique tançon.
Mais ores que d’Amour les passions je pousse,
Humble je veux user d’une Muse plus douce.
 
Je ne veux que ce vers d’ornement indigent
Entre dans une escole, ou qu’un brave regent
Me lise pour parade : il suffist si m’amie
Le touche de la main dont elle tient ma vie.
Car je suis satisfait, si elle prend à gré
Ce labeur que je voüe à ses pieds consacré.
My son, if you knew what they’ll say of you,
You’d never want to leave my home,
But stay shut away in my study; you wouldn’t want yourself
Dirtied or leafed thorough by the crowd’s hands.
When you’ve gone, never to return,
You’ll have to live like a stranger far from me :
“For as the wind flies off without returning,
So, without hope of returning, the word escapes.”
 
And you are my word, to whom night and day
I have told the ideas which Love told me,
So I could put them into these verses which you take into the light,
Picking the locks of the doors of my room in defiance of me,
Poor thing, who know not that our citizens have
Sharper noses than the rhinoceros.
 
So, before trying the sea and shipwreck,
See the storm from port, and stay on the shore.
“Early to board, late to repent.”
 
Every day you’ll be mocked by ill-wishers,
With their eyes, their lifted noses, and a shake of the head.
“Wise the man who believes a person who gives good advice.”
 
You know, my dear child, that I have no desire
To deceive you: I would have to be shameless, contrary to nature
And a serpent with an untamed nature
If I sought to betray my own offspring,
For just as you are, I recently made you,
And I love you no less than a father loves his son.
 
Yet you still wish to go? And the more I wish
To keep you at home, the more you pull at the bit.
Go on then, since you want to, but I beg you
To answer everyone as I will tell you,
So that you, my son, protect in my absence
Your father’s – my own! – honour and innocence.
 
If some honest lady of noble heart,
Who is horrified by inconstancy and change,
On reading you reproves me with a heavy frown
That I ought not to have forgotten my Cassandre,
Who was first to shoot the arrow of love into my heart,
And that good old Petrarch committed no such sin,
Being thirty-one years in love with his lady
Without any other ever being able to set his soul ablaze,
Then reply to her, I beg, that Petrarch had
No authority over me to subject me to his law,
Nor those others who came after him, to make us
Love so long a time without breaking our ties.
 
He himself was not like that; for if you look at what he wrote
He was a sharp man, with too noble a spirit
To be a fool for thirty years, wasting his youth
And his Muse in the lap of an old mistress.
Either he enjoyed his little Laura, or he was
Indeed a great fool to love but not have her at all.
I can’t believe that, nor is it believable;
No, he enjoyed her, then made her out to be admirable,
Chaste, divine, holy: “The lover should also
Celebrate the beauty from whom he gains his pleasure;
For he who blames her after enjoying her
Is no man, but was born of a tiger.”
 
When some young girl is at the beginning
Cruel, harsh and proud to her first lover,
He must remain constant; it may be that the time
Will come, unexpectedly, which will make her better.
But when she becomes from day to day
Harsher and more contrary, and coarser in love,
You should distance yourself, without wearying yourself
Trying to soften so foolish a beast.
That’s my advice: blame me for it
Or praise me who will, I counsel him thus.
 
Women are often the reason we are
Light and flighty, coaxing men
With bewitching hope, sometimes keeping them
With sweet tricks for a year, or two, or three,
In love’s bonds without relief;
And yet a servant will enjoy them,
Or perhaps some wag will run off with the delight
Which the faithful lover rightly thought his own.
And still they won’t stop, I mean those sly girls
Who have spent their youths in Love’s train,
(It’s certainly the greatest trouble a man can have
To serve a woman used to deception)
[They won’t stop] demanding work which is insupportable,
Cruel service, wretched tasks;
For without regard to the simple love
Of their poor servants, they cruelly have no pity,
No more than a proud corsair, brave and arrogant,
Has pity on the captives in his slave-quarters.
[The lover] has to sell his goods, make presents
Of chains, purses, and shining diamonds;
He must give pearls and magnificent clothes,
He must look after the table and the music,
He must take up her quarrels, and endure them.
Certainly I’d prefer to carry on my back
A basket and clean the Augean stables,
Than to become the servant of a sly Lady.
“The sea really should be feared, the fire as well,
And the sky when it is shaken with thunder,
But much more to be feared is a learned woman
Well-versed in the art of love, when she is a deceiver;
By a thousand tricks she makes a thousand evils,
And she’s as wise as she is a woman.”
Whichever was the god who brought her to life,
He was the prime author of great misery.
 
We ought, with presents consecrated at their altars
To offer bribes for our children with the great, immortal gods,
So they don’t waste their lives with that pleasant evil
Woman, the passion of wretched men,
Wretched and weak insofar as they’re vassals
During their lives of so proud a beast.
I beg you, see how by subtle tricks
They are able to find a thousand fake excuses
After they’ve deceived! Look at Helen after
Troy was burned by the Greeks’ fire,
How she wheedled with sweet flattery
Her fool of a husband, who forgave her vice
And fell in love more than before with her eyes
Which sparkled still with love for Paris.
And what shall we say of Ulysses? While a troop
Of young suitors was making love to Penelope,
Devouring all his goods, yet still he burned
To kiss his wife, and never wished
To become immortal with the beautiful Circe
So as never again to see Penelope, whom
Weeping he wanted to tell about his wearisome journey,
While in his absence she was making love:
So much so that the god Pan was born from their frolics
(The common seed of her and her dandies)
As she immediately sent, to make things easier for her,
The son to seek his father in the city of Sparta.
“That is how woman with her cunning defeats
Man, whose spirit overcomes all the animals.”
 
If by chance you might fortunately choose
Some fair mistress, and have her for your pleasure,
No matter if she’s from a high or low place provided she is
A humble, courteous, honest, loving and gentle girl,
Without disguise, without trickery, who without wickedness
Keeps with all her heart her simple love,
Much preferring to be put to death a hundred times
Than to break her word when she has promised it;
Then you must honour her while you live
As a rare jewel most infrequently found.
“He certainly deserves the hottest fires
Of terrible storms upon his head
Who deceives a maid, especially when
She gives herself to us heart and body.“
 
Isn’t it a great delight when we’re travelling
To meet someone who with equal bravery
Wishes to a company us and like us to journey
Over torrents and rocks, tiresome to cross?
And isn’t it a great delight to find a girl
Who helps us on this life’s wretched journey,
Who without being burdened or full of harshness
Treats her lover’s heart faithfully?
 
Tell them, then, if perchance the fair Cassandre
Had showed herself a little courteous and tender towards me,
And full of pity had sought to cure
The ills with which her fair eyes had put me to death those ten years;
If not with her body but with just a single glance
She’d been willing to soothe my poor, ill heart,
I’d not have left her, let my witness be
That young winged child who watches over love-affairs.
 
But seeing how she always continued more proud
I unbound myself from all my first love
To love with it another in the country of Anjou,
Where Love now keeps me under his yoke.
[A love] which I will immediately abandon if she
Is to me as Cassandre was, proud and rebellious,
To find another, so that one day I may see
My love returned with an equal love,
Feeling the affection of another within myself:
“For a man is a complete fool to love if he isn’t loved.”
 
So, if someone afterwards chooses to blame me that
I am no more as grave in my verse as I was
At the beginning, when the Pindaric mood
Puffed up in swollen words my magniloquent voice;
Then tell him that love does not sigh
In high-flown grave verse, but in a fine low style,
Pleasant and popular, like that of Tibullus,
The ingenious Ovid and the learned Catullus.
The son of Venus hates ostentation:
Enough that we sing his passions to him truly
Without bombast or disguise, in a charming sweet style
Flowing with a gentle sound like a tinkling spring.
Those who do otherwise do a bad turn
To simple Venus and her son Love.
 
If it should happen one day that with bold voice
I enliven the stage with some tragedy
Grave and sententious, then I shall show
How loud the strings of my little learning can sound.
And if I encounter passion in my verse
I shall boldly set my Muses against it,
And make a tragic dialogue resound with high-flown
And serious tones (assuming the tragic buskin).
But while I focus on the passions of Love,
In lower style I prefer to employ a sweeter Muse.
 
I do not want these verses, stripped of ornament,
To enter some school, or a worthy regent
To read me for show; it’s enough if my beloved
Touches it with the hand in which she holds my life.
For I am satisfied if she approves
This work which I dedicate, consecrated, at her feet.
 
 
 

 

A few words of commentary on these 200 lines:- the rhinoceros (or, in the earlier version, elephant) has a ‘subtle’ nose, one good for smelling out the good and the bad: ‘sharp’, we could more easily say in English, but while it’s obvious which sort of ‘sharpness’ the elephant’s nose has, it’s perhaps less so for the rhinoceros where a ‘sharp’ nose could refer to its horn not its sensitivity.- Ronsard’s cynicism about Petrarch’s chaste relationship with Laura is perhaps also a corrective to those scholars who think Ronsard’s own affairs were more imagined than real?  His harsh words about women, implicitly applied to Cassandra, should not be taken too literally: he speaks elsewhere of still loving her.

– there’s a cluster of classical references in the middle of the poem:  the Augean stables, cleaning whose filth was one of Heracles’ ‘impossible’ tasks;  Helen of Troy, taken back by Menelaus after Troy’s fall as she was still the most beautiful woman in the world, though her continuing love for Paris is largely a Ronsardian invention (in Homer, she and Menelaus are genuinely reconciled)

– Ronsard invents, too, Penelope’s unfaithfulness to Odysseus with her troop of suitors – in the Odyssey she famously remains loyal; his son Telemachus journeys to Sparta seeking information from Menelaus at the goddess Athene’s prompting, not sent away by Penelope; and Circe did not offer Odysseus immortality but threatened to turn him into a pig like his followers!  Ronsard has, ironically because it would be obvious to all his readers, twisted the Greek tale on its head. However, at the same time he demonstrates his wide and deep reading: in a pretty obscure Pindar fragment, but as far as I know nowhere else, Penelope is indeed said to be Pan’s mother (the father, though, Apollo not one or several human suitors!)

– where Ronsard turns to his new love in Anjou, he says “Je desliay du tout mon amitié premiere, / Pour en aimer une autre en ce païs d’Anjou“; that “en” technically means that he is giving Marie his first love, transferring it from Cassandre: this is not a new love, but the old one with a new subject.

– for the really interested, “empoulément” is ampoulément, from the same root as ampoule, a ‘swollen’ bulb of glass.

– Ronsard contrasts the style of Pindar – the great Greek poet of Odes – with that of Tibullus, Ovid and Catullus: Romans, but principally contrasted as love-poets and slightly licentious ones at that. (The ‘son of Venus’ is of course Cupid, god of love.)

 

 

See the next post for Blanchemain’s earlier version with its many variants.

 

Amourette (2:67b)

Standard

I guess “amourette” is best translated, ‘a little love-song’…

Or’ que l’hyver roidist la glace épesse,
Réchaufons nous ma gentille maistresse,
Non acroupis pres le foyer cendreux,
Mais aux plaisirs des combats amoureux.
Assison-nous sur ceste molle couche :
Sus baisez-moy, tendez-moy vostre bouche,
Pressez mon col de vos bras despliez,
Et maintenant vostre mere oubliez.
 
Que de la dent vostre tetin je morde,
Que vos cheveux fil à fil je destorde :
Il ne faut point en si folastres jeux,
Comme au dimanche arrenger ses cheveux.
 
Approchez donc, tournez-moy vostre jouë.
Vous rougissez ? il faut que je me jouë.
Vous sou-riez : avez-vous point ouy
Quelque doux mot qui vous ait resjouy ?
Je vous disois que la main j’allois mettre
Sur vostre sein : le voulez-vous permettre ?
Ne fuyez pas sans parler : je voy bien
A vos regards que vous le voulez bien.
Je vous cognois en voyant vostre mine.
Je jure Amour que vous estes si fine,
Que pour mourir de bouche ne diriez
Qu’on vous baisast bien que le desiriez :
Car toute fille encor’ qu’elle ait envie
Du jeu d’aimer desire estre ravie.
Tesmoin en est Helene qui suivit
D’un franc vouloir Pâris qui la ravit.
 
Je veux user d’une douce main forte.
Hà vous tombez : vous faites ja la morte.
Hà quel plaisir dans le cœur je reçoy :
Sans vous baiser vous mocqueriez de moy
En vostre lit quand vous seriez seulette.
Or sus c’est fait ma gentille brunette :
Recommençon afin que nos beaux ans
Soyent reschauffez de combats si plaisans.
 
 
                                                                            Now that winter gnaws the thick ice,
                                                                            Let us re-warm ourselves, my gentle mistress,
                                                                            Not crouched near the cinder-filled fireplace,
                                                                            But in the pleasures of love’s contests.
                                                                            Let’s sit on this soft couch;
                                                                            Come, kiss me, offer me your lips,
                                                                            Squeeze my neck in your enlaced arms,
                                                                            And now forget your mother!
 
                                                                            How I shall nibble your breast with my teeth,
                                                                            How I shall unknot your hair, strand by strand;
                                                                            One cannot, in wild games like these,
                                                                            Keep one’s hair Sunday-tidy.
 
                                                                            Come here, then, turn to me your cheek.
                                                                            You’re blushing? But I must play with it.
                                                                            You are smiling: have you not heard
                                                                            Any of the soft words which made you happy.
                                                                            I told you that I was going to put my hand
                                                                            On your breast: will you allow me?
                                                                            Don’t run off without speaking; I clearly see
                                                                            From your looks that you really want it.
                                                                            I understand you from looking at your face.
                                                                            I swear by Love that you are so prim
                                                                            That even if you died, you would not say with your mouth
                                                                            That someone could kiss you even though you wanted it;
                                                                            For every girl, as she desires to play
                                                                            The game of love, wants to be ravished.
                                                                            Witnesses say that it was Helen who followed
                                                                            Of free will Paris who had ravished her.
 
                                                                            I want to use a hand that’s soft but strong.
                                                                            Ah, you fall, you are now silent.
                                                                            Ah, what pleasure I get in my heart!
                                                                            If I didn’t kiss you, you would mock me
                                                                            When you were alone in your bed.
                                                                            Up then, it’s done, my gentle brunette;
                                                                            Let’s begin, so that our beautiful years
                                                                            May be warmed up by such pleasant contests!
 
 
One of the rare poems in which Ronsard approaches the physicality of love-making – though even here he leaves unspoken how far his love-making goes. Perhaps we should think of the “Elegy to his Book” with which Ronsard begins this second set of Amours: there, Ronsard says Petrarch would have been a fool for continuing to write love-poems without having ‘enjoyed’ his Laura…
 
Ou bien il jouyssoit de sa Laurette, ou bien
Il estoit un grand fat d’aimer sans avoir rien.
 
                                                                            Either he enjoyed his little Laura, or else
                                                                            He was a great fool for loving without getting anything.
 
There are a few clumsinesses in here I’m surprised survived to the end of Ronsard’s life – “bien” as the rhyme word in 2 consecutive lines, with no grammatical difference to excuse it (as in “jouë…jouë” or “mettre…permettre”); or “ravit” followed by “ravie” 2 lines later (both prominent as rhyme words). And one of them (“bien..bien”) was even added in the course of re-writing! It’s nice to see, though, the older Ronsard more daringly putting his hand on her breast rather than her knee…  Note also that Blanchemain’s version, unlike the later one, is ‘edited’ into 2 homogeneous groupings: 4+4+4; 8+8+8.  Here’s the substantially-varying early version:
 
Or’ que l’hyver roidit la glace épesse,
Réchaufons-nous, ma gentille maistresse,
Non accroupis dans la fouyer cendreux,
Mais au plaisir des combats amoureux.
 
Assisons-nous sur ceste molle couche :
Sus, baisez-moy de vostre belle bouche,
Pressez mon col de vos bras deliez,
Et maintenant vostre mere oubliez.
 
Que de la dent vostre tetin je morde,
Que vos cheveux fil à fil je destorde :
Il ne faut point en si folastres jeux,
Comme au dimanche arranger ses cheveux.
 
Approchez-vous, tendez-moy vostre oreille :
Hà ! vous avez la couleur plus vermeille
Que par avant : avez-vous point ouy
Quelque doux mot qui vous ait resjouy ?
Je vous disois que la main j’allois mettre
Sur vos genoux : le voulez-vous permettre ?
Vous rougissez, maistresse: je voy bien
A vostre front que je vous fais grand bien.
 
Quoi ! vous faut-il cognoistre à vostre mine.
Je jure Amour que vous estes si fine,
Que pour mourir de bouche ne diriez
Qu’on vous le fist bien que le desiriez :
Car toute fille encor’ qu’elle ait envie
Du jeu d’aimer desire estre ravie.
Tesmoin en est Helene qui suivit
D’un franc vouloir Pâris qui la ravit.
 
Or je vay donc user d’une main forte
Pour vous avoir. Ha ! vous faites la morte !
Sus, endurez ce doux je ne sais quoy !
Car autrement vous mocqueriez de moy
En vostre lict quand vous seriez seulette.
Or sus, c’est fait, ma gentille brunette :
Recommençons, a’ fin que nos beaux ans
Soyent réchauffez en combats si plaisants.
 
 
                                                                            Now that winter gnaws the thick ice,
                                                                            Let us re-warm ourselves, my gentle mistress,
                                                                            Not crouched in the cinder-filled fireplace,
                                                                            But in the pleasure of love’s contests.
 
                                                                            Let’s sit on this soft couch;
                                                                            Come, kiss me with your lovely lips,
                                                                            Squeeze my neck in your loosed arms,
                                                                            And now forget your mother!
 
                                                                            How I shall nibble your breast with my teeth,
                                                                            How I shall unknot your hair, strand by strand;
                                                                            One cannot, in wild games like these,
                                                                            Keep one’s hair Sunday-tidy.
 
                                                                            Come here, then, turn to me your ear.
                                                                            Ah, your colour is more crimson
                                                                            Than before!  Have you not heard
                                                                            Any of the soft words which made you happy.
                                                                            I told you that I was going to put my hand
                                                                            On your knee: will you allow me?
                                                                            You’re blushin, mistress; I clearly see
                                                                            In your face that I’m greatly pleasing you.
 
                                                                            Oh yes, I have to understand you by your face.
                                                                            I swear by Love that you are so prim
                                                                            That even if you died, you would not say with your mouth
                                                                            That someone could do it even though you wanted it;
                                                                            For every girl, as she desires to play
                                                                            The game of love, wants to be ravished.
                                                                            Witnesses say that it was Helen who followed
                                                                            Of free will Paris who had ravished her.
 
                                                                            So I’m going to use a strong hand
                                                                            To have you. Ah, you are now silent.
                                                                            Come on, enjoy this sweet something!
                                                                            For otherwise you would mock me
                                                                            When you were alone in your bed.
                                                                            Up then, it’s done, my gentle brunette;
                                                                            Let’s begin, so that our beautiful years
                                                                            May be warmed up in such pleasant contests!
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Amours 1.207

Standard
Sœur de Pâris, la fille au Roy d’Asie,
A qui Phebus en doute fit avoir
Peu cautement l’aiguillon du sçavoir,
Dont sans profit ton ame fut saisie :
 
Tu variras vers moy de fantaisie,
Puis qu’il te plaist (bien que tard) de vouloir
Changer ton Loire au sejour de mon Loir,
Pour y fonder ta demeure choisie.
 
En ma faveur le Ciel te guide ici,
Pour te monstrer de plus pres le souci
Qui peint au vif de ses couleurs ma face.
 
Vien Nymphe vien, les rochers et les bois,
Qui de pitié s’enflamment sous ma voix,
Pleurant ma peine, eschaufferont ta glace.  
 
 
 
                                                                            Sister of Paris, daughter to the King of Asia,
                                                                            To whom Phoebus, doubting, gave
                                                                            Incautiously the goad of knowledge,
                                                                            By which your soul was without profit seized ;
 
                                                                            You will change your ideas towards me
                                                                            Since you choose (though late) to consider
                                                                            Exchanging your Loire to stay on my Loir
                                                                            And to found there your chosen home.
 
                                                                            For my benefit is Heaven guiding you here
                                                                            To show you more closely the pain
                                                                            Which paints my face so vividly with its colours.
 
                                                                            Come, Nymph, come : the rocks and woods
                                                                            Which blaze up in pity at my voice,
                                                                            Weeping for my pain, will warm up your ice.
 
 
 
 
Classical allusiion to the fore again, though here Ronsard’s use of a roundabout way to identify Cassandre is fairly obvious – he rapidly gives us as much information as possible (sister of Paris, daughter of Priam, prophetic mouthpiece of Apollo … ah yes, that would be Cassandra!) In line 3 the “aiguillon” (goad, or prick, or sting, or really anything sharp and painful) perhaps calls to mind a more Christian image, that of St Paul “kicking against the pricks” as the King James version so wonderfully puts it. (Have you ever noticed how many of Jesus’s turns of phrase and stories are the language of a farmer in the fields, not that of a carpenter? If he did follow his father’s trade, he can only have done so part-time!)  Whether an intended reference or not, it is clearly the same metaphor: just as cattle were goaded with sharp sticks to keep them from wandering in the wrong direction, so here prophetic knowledge is both painful and also leaves no choice – Cassandra must prophesy, no matter that it hurts.
 
But then, in the rest of the poem, we abandon that image and the pains (or otherwise) of knowledge – because it becomes clear that was all just an elaborate way to say “Cassandre”. There is no real suggestion in the first tercet that Heaven’s guiding is in any way painful to Cassandre, as it was to her Trojan namesake; nor that the need to understand lies behind any decision to move closer to his home. And that is probably why I find this sonnet a bit irritating. There are thematic links between the opening and the rest, but those links seem accidental and un-purposed, which is un-satisfactory in a poet of Ronsard’s quality.
 
The earlier version printed by Blanchemain does not offer any substantive changes. In lines 7-8 he becomes slightly less certain of her intentions:
 
Changer ton Loire au rives de mon Loir,
Voire y fonder ta demeure choisie.
 
                                                                            Exchanging your Loire for the banks of my Loir,
                                                                            Maybe even founding there your chosen home. 
 
and in the final line becomes “De leurs soupirs eschauferont ta glace” (‘the rocks and woods … With their sighs will warm up your ice’)
 
 
 
 

Amours 1.215

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De ses Maris, l’industrieuse Heleine,
L’esguille en main retraçoit les combas
Dessus sa toile : en ce poinct tu t’esbas
D’ouvrer le mal duquel ma vie est pleine.
 
Mais tout ainsi, Maistresse, que ta leine
Et ton fil noir desseignent mon trespas,
Tout au rebours pourquoy ne peins-tu pas
De quelque verd un espoir à ma peine ?
 
Mon œil ne voit sur ta gaze rangé
Sinon du noir, sinon de l’orangé,
Tristes tesmoins de ma longue souffrance.
 
O fier destin ! son œil ne me desfait
Tant seulement, mais tout ce qu’elle fait,
Ne me promet qu’une desesperance.
 
 
 
 
                                                                            Her husbands’ battles the industrious Helen,
                                                                            Needle in hand, retraced
                                                                            Upon her cloth; in the same way you enjoy yourself
                                                                            Laying open the pain with which my life is filled.
 
                                                                            But even as, mistress, your wool
                                                                            And your black thread depict my death,
                                                                            Instead why do you not paint
                                                                            With some green a hope in my pain?
 
                                                                            My eyes see nothing arrayed upon your gauze
                                                                            But black and orange colours,
                                                                            Sad witnesses of my long suffering.
 
                                                                            O proud fate! Her eyes do not defeat me
                                                                            By themselves, but everything that she does
                                                                            Promises me nothing but despair.
 
 
 
The allusion to a wife embroidering a husband’s battles perhaps brings more readily to mind Penelope making (and un-making) her tapestry while awaiting the return of Odysseus in Homer’s epic. But here it is the dutiful Helen (hardly our image of her!) who is sitting weaving. The scene comes from Iliad book 3, where the rainbow goddess Iris comes as messenger of the gods to Helen, and finds her weaving scenes of the Trojan War which (Helen recognises) is a fight for possession of her. (Her husband at this point is Paris, though Iris instils a longing for her former husband Menelaus – another reason for Ronsard to speak of her weaving both husbands’ battles … )
 
Of course the precise details are not the point: Ronsard merely needs the image of a wife weaving her husband’s tale – to contrast it with his own tale of woe being woven by Cassandre.
 
Blanchemain’s earlier version differs in a number of details. In line 1, technically both Achaeans and Trojans were ‘Greeks’, although we tend to think of it as a war between ‘Greeks’ and ‘Trojans’. In line 3 Ronsard replaces the vaguely-mediaeval ‘gauze’ with the more common ‘cloth’; and in line 6 also he opts for less recondite words in his later version.
 
 
Des maris grecs l’industrieuse Heleine,
L’aiguille en main retraçoit les combas ;
Dessus ta gaze en ce poinct tu t’esbas,
Traçant le mal duquel ma vie est pleine.
 
Mais tout ainsi, Maistresse, que ta leine
D’un filet noir figure mon trespas,
Tout au rebours pourquoy ne peins-tu pas
De quelque verd un espoir à ma peine ?
 
Las ! je ne vois sur ta gaze rangé
Sinon du noir, sinon de l’orangé,
Tristes tesmoins de ma longue souffrance.
 
O fier destin ! son œil ne me desfait
Tant seulement, mais tout ce qu’elle fait,
Ne me promet qu’une desesperance.
 
 
                                                                            Her Greek husbands’ battles the industrious Helen,
                                                                            Needle in hand, retraced ;
                                                                            Upon your gauze in the same way you enjoy yourself
                                                                            Drawing the pain with which my life is filled.
 
                                                                            But even as, mistress, your wool
                                                                            With its black thread represents my death,
                                                                            Instead why do you not paint
                                                                            With some green a hope in my pain?
 
                                                                            Alas, I see nothing arrayed upon your gauze
                                                                            But black and orange colours,
                                                                            Sad witnesses of my long suffering.
 
                                                                            O proud fate! Her eyes do not defeat me
                                                                            By themselves, but everything that she does
                                                                            Promises me nothing but despair.
 
 

 

 

 

 
 
 
 

Sonnet 116

Standard
Ceste beauté de mes yeux adoree,
Qui me fait vivre entre mille trespas,
Couploit mes chiens, et poursuivoit mes pas,
Ainsi qu’Adon, Cyprine la doree :
 
Quand une ronce en vain enamouree,
Ainsi que moy, du vermeil de ses bras,
En les baisant luy fit couler à bas
Une liqueur de pourpre coloree.
 
La terre adonc, qui soigneuse receut
Ce sang divin, fertilement conceut
Pareille au sang une rouge fleurette.
 
Et tout ainsi que d’Helene nâquit
La fleur qui d’elle un beau surnom aquit,
Du nom Cassandre elle eut nom Cassandrette.
 
 
 
 
                                                                            That beauty adored by my eyes,
                                                                            Who makes me live among a thousand deaths,
                                                                            Put my dogs on a lead and followed my path,
                                                                            As golden Cyprine [Venus] did Adonis;
 
                                                                            When a bramble, vainly enamoured
                                                                            Like me, from the pink of her arms
                                                                            As it kissed them made flow down
                                                                            A precious liquid, purple in colour.
 
                                                                            The earth indeed which with concern received
                                                                            This divine blood in fertility conceived
                                                                            A little flower, red like the blood.
 
                                                                            And just as from Helen was born
                                                                            The flower which from her acquired its fair name,
                                                                            From Cassandre’s name this one is called Cassandrette [little Cassandre].

 

 

 

 A classical frame for a familiar trope – but does’t Ronsard do it well?!  Muret points out that “golden” is an epithet often applied by Greek poets to beauties, another subtle classical allusion. Venus’s origins in Cyprus have come up before. One ancient myth had it that elecampane (a member of the daisy family) grew from Helen’s tears when Paris stole her away to Troy – the plant is also known as Helenium.
 
In Blanchemain’s version, line 10 appears as “Ce sang divin, tout sus l’heure conceut” (‘This divine blood at that very moment conceived’) which has the advantage of an urgency lacking in “fertilement” but does rather overload the line with ‘s’ sounds!  This version also offers a couple of changes in the first quatrain:
 
 
Celle qui est de mes yeux adorée,
Qui me fait vivre entre mille trespas,
Chassant un cerf, suivoit hier mes pas,
Ainsi qu’Adon Cyprine la dorée ;
 
 
 
                                                                            She who is adored by my eyes,
                                                                            Who makes me live among a thousand deaths,
                                                                            As I was hunting a deer yesterday followed my path,
                                                                            As golden Cyprine did Adonis;

 

 

 
 
 

Chanson (6a)

Standard

Back to Helen, and an admission: I missed out this chanson earlier in the book, so here it is now to break up the sequence of sonnets!

Quand je devise assis aupres de vous,
    Tout le cœur me tressaut ;
Je tremble tout de nerfs et de genous,
    Et le pouls me defaut.
Je n’ay ny sang ny esprit ny haleine,
Qui ne se trouble en voyant mon Helene,
    Ma chere et douce peine.
 
Je devien fol, je pers toute raison :
    Cognoistre je ne puis
Si je suis libre, ou mort, ou en prison :
    Plus en moy je ne suis.
En vous voyant, mon œil perd cognoissance :
Le vostre altere et change mon essence,
    Tant il a de puissance.
 
Vostre beauté me fait en mesme temps
    Souffrir cent passions :
Et toutesfois tous mes sens sont contens,
    Divers d’affections.
L’œil vous regarde, et d’autre part l’oreille
Oyt vostre voix, qui n’a point de pareille,
    Du monde la merveille.
 
Voila comment vous m’avez enchanté,
    Heureux de mon malheur :
De mon travail je me sens contenté,
    Tant j’aime ma douleur :
Et veux tousjours que le soucy me tienne,
Et que de vous tousjours il me souvienne,
    Vous donnant l’ame mienne.
 
Donc ne cherchez de parler au Devin,
    Qui sçavez tout charmer :
Vous seule auriez un esprit tout divin,
    Si vous pouviez aimer.
Que pleust à Dieu, ma moitié bien-aimee,
Qu’Amour vous eust d’une fleche enflamee
    Autant que moy charmee.
 
En se jouant il m’a de part en part
    Le cœur outrepercé :
A vous s’amie il n’a monstré le dard
    Duquel il m’a blessé.
De telle mort heureux je me confesse,
Et ne veux point que le soucy me laisse
    Pour vous, belle Maistresse.
 
Dessus ma tombe engravez mon soucy
    En memorable escrit :
D’un Vandomois le corps repose icy,
    Sous les Myrtes l’esprit.
Comme Pâris là bas faut que je voise,
Non pour l’amour d’une Helene Gregeoise,
    Mais d’une Saintongeoise.
As I chatter, sitting beside you,
  My heart is entirely quivering;
My nerves and knees are all a-tremble,
  My heartbeat fails,
I haver no blood, no spirit, no breath
Which is not disturbed on seeing my Helen,
  My dear, sweet care.
 
I become mad, I lose all reason,
  I cannot work out
If I am free, or dead, or in prison;
  I am no longer in myself.
Seeing you, my eyes lose all understanding;
Your eyes alter and change my very essence,
  They have such power.
 
Your beauty makes me suffer a hundred loves
  All at once;
And all the time my senses are happy
  In their various affections.
My eyes watch you, and elsewhere my ear
Hears your voice, which has no equal,
  The wonder of the world.
 
Thus, thus, you have bewitched me,
  Happy in my misfortune;
I am contented in my troubles,
  So much do I enjoy my sadness,
And I wish this care would occupy me always,
And always remind me of you,
  While giving you my soul.
 
So, don’t seek to speak to a soothsayer,
  Who can charm all things;
You alone could have the divine spirit
  If only you could love.
May it please God, my beloved other-half,
That Love with his burning arrow might
  Charm you as he has me.
 
Playing around, he has pierced my heart
  Through and through;
To you, his friend, he has not shown the dart
  With which he wounded me.
In such a death I confess I am happy
And have no wish that my love for you,
  Fair mistress, should leave me.
 
Upon my tomb engrave this my love
  In noteworthy script:
The body of a Vendôme-man lies here,
  His spirit beneath the myrtles’ shade.
Like Paris, I must go below,
Not for love of some Grecian Helen,
  But for a lady of Saintonge.
 
 The Grecian Helen at the end is of course Helen of Troy, in defence of whom Paris was killed; Ronsard’s Helen hails from Saintonge, he from the Vendômois.  Blanchemain refers to Richelet’s footnote on the myrtles of the same stanza: “Myrtles – where lovers’ souls rest after their death“.
 
Blanchemain has only minor changes: in the second stanza, “Si je suis libre, ou captif en prison” (‘If I am free, or captive in prison’); and then a number of variants in the final stanza, which opens
 
 
Dessus ma tombe engravez mon soucy
   En lettres grossement :
Le Vandomois lequel repose icy,
  Mourut en bien aimant.
 
                                                                  Upon my tomb engrave this my love
                                                                    Large in writing:
                                                                 The man of Vendôme who lies here
                                                                    Died loving truly.
 
 
 
 
 

Sonnet 20

Standard
Je ne suis variable, et si ne veux apprendre
Le mestier d’inconstance, aussi ce n’est qu’esmoy :
Je ne dy pas si  Jane estoit prise de moy,
Que tost je n’oubliasse et Marie et Cassandre.

Je ne suis pas celuy qui veux Pâris reprendre
D’avoir manqué si tost à Pegasis de foy :
Plustost que d’accuser ce jeune enfant de Roy
D’avoir changé d’amour, je voudrois le defendre.

Pour ne garder long temps sa sotte loyauté,
Il fit bien de ravir ceste jeune beauté,
Bien qu’à sa propre ville elle fust malheureuse.

L’amant est bien novice, et son art il apprend,
« Quand il trouve son mieux si son mieux il ne prend,
« Sans grisonner au sein d’une vieille amoureuse.

 
 
                                                                      I am not changeable, and so don’t wish to learn
                                                                      The business of inconstancy, and anyway it’s just agitation:
                                                                      I cannot say if Jane is taken with me,
                                                                      As I cannot so soon forget Marie and Cassandre.

                                                                      I am not one to reprove Paris
                                                                      For so quickly breaking trust with Pegasis;
                                                                      Sooner than accuse that young son of the King
                                                                      Of changing his love, I’d rather defend him.

                                                                      While not keeping his foolish faith for a long time,
                                                                      He did well to carry off this young beauty
                                                                      Since she was unhappy in her own town.

                                                                      A novice, and learning his art, is the lover who
                                                                      “When he finds a better does not take the better,
                                                                      Rather than turning grey in the arms of an old lover.”
 
 
Pegasis is not the same as Pegasus: Pegasis is an obscure nymph or naiad, denizen of a spring of the River Grenikos (Granicus) in the Troad. She is mentioned in Quintus Smyrnaeus, a 4th century AD writer of Greek epic.  She is her conflated with Oenone, another naiad with whom Paris had a son but then abandoned; in some versions of the fall of Troy, after Paris is wounded by Philoctetes’ arrow, he seeks Oenone’s help but she refuses and he dies.
 
Blanchemain’s version substitutes a completely different (and inferior) first tercet, and considerably changes the first line of the second tercet. These changes are below. Other than that, there is a minor adjustment to the rhythm of line 4 – “Que bientost n’oubliasse et Marie et Cassandre” – which leaves the meaning essentially unchanged.
 
 
Il fist bien, il fist bien, de ravir cette Helene,
Cette Helene qui fut de tant de beautés pleine
Que du grand Jupiter on la disoit enfant.

L’amant est bien guidé d‘une heure malheureuse, …

 
                                                                      He did well, he did well to carry off this Helen,
                                                                      This Helen who was filled with such beauty
                                                                      That you’d have said she was a child of great Jupiter.

                                                                      The lover is indeed led by an unhappy moment who, …